Purpose

Etymologically, the word “loss” means to be deprived, temporarily or permanently, of use of faculty or an advantage. Therefore, when businesses and entrepreneurs suffer large amount of losses, they can be attributed to a non-effective and non-efficient way of handling assets. Consequently, high levels of bad management can be the cause for food losses (FL) across the agri-food supply chain, food waste (FW) depends on consumers' behavior in organizing food basket. Food loss and food waste (FWL) negatively affect environment and global economy. The purpose of this paper is to propose a holistic 4Es (Ethical_Equity_Ecological_Economic) approach aimed at better managing and treating FLW along the agri-food chain from upstream to downstream stages by addressing entrepreneurs and consumers' approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The work focuses on the definition and designing of three possible tools: (1) the implementation of a FL_break-even point model; (2) the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) procedures including a scheme for FL critical points and (3) a consumer's tax FW declaration model. Beginning with these tools, the work tries to define a holistic model by involving all the actors performing in a strictly inter- linked system.

Findings

Approaching the FLW issue in a holistic way can ensure the involvement of engaged and productive people at work, lead to strategies and policies aimed at enriching consumers' awareness and entrepreneurs' management approach, and can address the handling of FLW toward Ethical, Equity, Ecological_and Economic (that means effective and efficient) paths.

Social implications

Monitoring and decreasing FLW by implementing the proposed tools from upstream to downstream of the food supply chain can certainly improve the reliability of firm production and investment decisions, and at the same time, behavior of people who feel to be part of an interrelated system. This can help to lighten FLW negative impacts on consumers' income and on pollution as well as indirectly on poverty.

Originality/value

This paper wants to make an innovative attempt to approach the FLW issue in a global and holistic way, while focusing on behavior and awareness of firms/entrepreneurs and consumers/citizens. In addition, the tools and approach defined pave the way for subsequent empirical works to follow.

中文翻译：

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粮食损失和浪费：新流行语。为企业和消费者探索一个令人回味的整体 4E 模型

目的

从词源上讲，“损失”一词的意思是暂时或永久地被剥夺使用能力或优势。因此，当企业和企业家遭受大量损失时，可以归咎于一种无效和低效的资产处理方式。因此，严重的管理不善可能是整个农业食品供应链食物损失 (FL) 的原因，食物浪费 (FW) 取决于消费者组织食物篮的行为。食物损失和食物浪费 (FWL) 对环境和全球经济产生负面影响。本文的目的是提出一种整体的 4E（Ethical_Equity_Ecological_Economic）方法，旨在通过解决企业家和消费者的方法，更好地管理和处理从上游到下游阶段的农业食品链中的粮食损失与浪费。

设计/方法/方法

工作重点是定义和设计三种可能的工具：（1）FL_盈亏平衡点模型的实现；(2) 危害分析关键控制点 (HACCP) 程序，包括 FL 关键点方案和 (3) 消费者税务 FW 申报模型。从这些工具开始，这项工作试图通过让所有参与者在一个严格相互关联的系统中进行表演来定义一个整体模型。

发现

以整体方式处理 FLW 问题可以确保敬业和有生产力的人参与工作，制定旨在丰富消费者意识和企业家管理方法的战略和政策，并可以解决 FLW 处理朝着道德、公平、生态_和经济（即有效和高效）路径。

社会影响

通过从食品供应链的上游到下游实施建议的工具来监测和减少粮食损失与浪费肯定可以提高企业生产和投资决策的可靠性，同时也可以提高那些感觉自己是相关系统一部分的人们的行为。这有助于减轻粮食损失与浪费对消费者收入和污染以及间接对贫困的负面影响。

原创性/价值

本文希望通过创新尝试以全球和整体的方式解决粮食损失与浪费问题，同时关注公司/企业家和消费者/公民的行为和意识。此外，定义的工具和方法为后续的实证工作铺平了道路。