Using data from a cross-sectional sample of seventh to twelfth graders who attended northeastern schools between 2011 and 2012, we examined the associations between psycho-emotional dating violence and cyber, physical, and sexual violence Overall, we found that respondents experienced more than one type of dating violence simultaneously, indicating the prevalence of co-occurrence in dating violence. Further, being a victim of psycho-emotional violence was associated with perpetrating similar types of violence, suggesting the bidirectional nature of this type of aggression. Among the covariates, we found that peer bullying, cyber bullying, cell phone usage, the respondents' age, gender, and grades were risk factors for psycho-emotional violence. The findings may be used to guide dating violence intervention efforts and the development of school based and family-oriented treatment plans.

中文翻译：

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心理情感暴力、其关联、共现以及与网络、身体和性暴力的双向性

我们使用 2011 年至 2012 年在东北学校就读的七至十二年级学生的横断面样本数据，研究了心理情感约会暴力与网络暴力、身体暴力和性暴力之间的关联。总的来说，我们发现受访者经历过不止一种约会暴力同时发生的类型，表明约会暴力同时发生的普遍性。此外，成为心理情感暴力的受害者与实施类似类型的暴力有关，表明这种类型的攻击具有双向性。在协变量中，我们发现同伴欺凌、网络欺凌、手机使用、受访者的年龄、性别和年级是心理情感暴力的危险因素。