This article discusses risk factors for adults who have suffered early childhood trauma, specifically focusing on emotional abuse, and discusses the negative long-term consequences from childhood trauma such as depression, anxiety, stress, and neuroticism personality. This research study predicts that those who report emotional abuse will have higher sores for depression, anxiety, stress, and neuroticism personality compared to those who reported only physical, only sexual, or combined physical and sexual abuse. Using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, 748 college students participated in an on-line survey at a Southeastern university. As predicted, this study found those who reported emotional abuse had higher scores for depression, anxiety, stress, and neuroticism personality compared to those who reported only physical, only sexual, or combined physical and sexual abuse. Studies show emotional abuse may be the most damaging form of maltreatment causing adverse developmental consequences equivalent to, or more severe than, those of other forms of abuse (Hart et al. 1996). Therefore, this article discusses the need for public awareness campaigns to raise public and community awareness and evidenced based treatments that help with the psychological consequences resulting from emotional abuse.

中文翻译：

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情感虐待与身体虐待和/或性虐待一样有害吗？

本文讨论了遭受儿童早期创伤的成年人的风险因素，特别关注情绪虐待，并讨论了童年创伤的负面长期后果，如抑郁、焦虑、压力和神经质人格。这项研究预测，与仅报告身体虐待、仅性虐待或身体和性虐待相结合的人相比，报告情感虐待的人在抑郁、焦虑、压力和神经质人格方面的痛苦会更高。使用 NEO 五因素量表、抑郁焦虑和压力量表以及童年创伤问卷，748 名大学生参加了东南大学的在线调查。正如预测的那样，这项研究发现那些报告情感虐待的人在抑郁、焦虑、压力、与那些只报告身体虐待、仅性虐待或身体和性虐待相结合的人相比。研究表明，情感虐待可能是最具破坏性的虐待形式，其造成的不利发展后果相当于或比其他形式的虐待更为严重（Hart 等人，1996 年）。因此，本文讨论了开展公众意识运动以提高公众和社区意识的必要性，以及有助于消除情绪虐待导致的心理后果的循证治疗。