This paper examines the relationship between human development, remittances and other macroeconomic variables like life expectancy, human capital, FDI, inflation, economic growth and financial development by considering 31 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries during the period of 1990–2018. Kao and Fisher residual cointegration tests are applied to check the cointegration among the variables in the long-run. We apply fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and DOLS to show the long-run elasticity of explanatory variables on dependent variable. The result indicates that remittances have a positive and statistically significant effects on human development in SSA region. Similarly, government expenditure, human capital, inflation and economic growth have positive effects on human development in the region. Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel granger causality tests were observed such that there is a unidirectional causality between remittance and human development in SSA countries. However, human development and inflation rate show bi-directional relationship with each other. This paper suggests that public policies can be conceived to promote health, education and income, thereby encouraging and enhancing human development. Policymakers should also rely on other macroeconomic factors, such as government spending and financial development, to stimulate human development in SSA region.

中文翻译：

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汇款流入是否促进了撒哈拉以南非洲的人类发展？实证见解

本文通过考虑 1990 年至 2018 年期间的 31 个撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 国家，研究了人类发展、汇款和其他宏观经济变量之间的关系，例如预期寿命、人力资本、外国直接投资、通货膨胀、经济增长和金融发展。Kao和Fisher残差协整检验用于检验变量之间的长期协整。我们应用完全修正的 OLS (FMOLS) 和 DOLS 来显示解释变量对因变量的长期弹性。结果表明，汇款对 SSA 地区的人类发展具有积极且具有统计学意义的影响。同样，政府支出、人力资本、通货膨胀和经济增长对该地区的人类发展产生积极影响。观察到 Dumitrescu-Hurlin 面板格兰杰因果关系检验表明，SSA 国家的汇款与人类发展之间存在单向因果关系。然而，人类发展和通货膨胀率呈现出双向的关系。本文建议制定公共政策以促进健康、教育和收入，从而鼓励和促进人类发展。政策制定者还应依靠其他宏观经济因素，例如政府支出和金融发展，来刺激 SSA 地区的人类发展。教育和收入，从而鼓励和促进人类发展。政策制定者还应依靠其他宏观经济因素，例如政府支出和金融发展，来刺激 SSA 地区的人类发展。教育和收入，从而鼓励和促进人类发展。政策制定者还应依靠其他宏观经济因素，例如政府支出和金融发展，来刺激 SSA 地区的人类发展。