Recent literature on the centre–periphery debate in European politics has produced a wide range of composite paradigms of regionalism, nationalism, and populism and nativism. A number of these definitions, however, tend to overemphasise the importance of populism by either framing it as a core ideology or by conflating it with the nationalism or regionalism of a specific party. This article makes three innovative contributions to populist studies by sustaining an ideational approach to populism and its combination with regionalist and nationalist ideologies. First, the article addresses the varied and at times conflicting composite paradigms of regionalism, nationalism, and populism by proposing a minimalist ‘populist regionalist’ and ‘populist nationalist’ conceptual framework; this places the emphasis on the type of nationalism and regionalism (left- or right-wing, civic or ethnic) to which populism and (potentially) nativism are attached. Second, by emphasising a clear distinction between populism and nativism, the article adds to a growing field of literature which aims to address the problem of ‘populist hype’. Finally, the contribution of a brief comparative case study illustrates how populism represents a key link between nationalists and regionalists ranging from the far-left to the far-right which are otherwise separated by nativism.

最近有关欧洲政治中的中心-外围辩论的文献产生了范围广泛的区域主义，民族主义，民粹主义和本土主义的综合范式。然而，这些定义中有许多倾向于通过将民粹主义定为核心意识形态或将其与特定政党的民族主义或区域主义混为一谈而过分强调民粹主义的重要性。本文通过维持民粹主义的概念方法及其与区域主义和民族主义意识形态的结合，为民粹主义研究做出了三项创新性贡献。首先，本文通过提出一个极简的“民粹主义地区主义”和“民粹主义民族主义”概念框架，解决了地区主义，民族主义和民粹主义的千差万别，有时相互冲突的复合范式；这强调了民粹主义和（可能是）本土主义所依附的民族主义和区域主义的类型（左翼或右翼，公民或种族）。其次，通过强调民粹主义与本土主义之间的明显区别，本文增加了文学的领域，旨在解决“民粹主义炒作”问题。最后，一个简短的比较案例研究的成果说明了民粹主义如何代表民族主义者和区域主义者之间的关键联系，从极左到极右，民族主义和区域主义者之间是自然主义的分隔。