To meet the rising demand for minerals, mining companies have ventured into fragile areas, often at the expense of artisanal miners. This has led to grievances, and at times violence. Who among the aggrieved intend to use violence? How can peace be maintained? This paper uses individual-level data to address these questions. Among a sample of 469 about-to-be-evicted artisanal miners in Eastern Congo, we inquire about the intention to engage in several forms of violence. We identify how this intention varies with miners’ past exposure to violence and attitudes towards policies that seek social peace. A large proportion of miners intends to destroy the company’s property, attack its employees, use fire arms, or join an armed group. These would-be-fighters are motivated by grievances, as well as material and social incentives. Our results contribute to understanding the micro-motivations underpinning the local resource curse and entail concrete lessons for mining policies.

为了满足对矿物不断增长的需求，采矿公司冒险进入脆弱的地区，通常以手工采矿者为代价。这导致了不满，有时甚至是暴力。受屈者中谁打算使用暴力？如何维护和平？本文使用个人级别的数据来解决这些问题。在刚果东部469名即将被逐出的手工采矿者的样本中，我们询问了参与多种形式暴力的意图。我们确定了这种意图会随着矿工过去对暴力的暴露以及对寻求社会和平的政策的态度而发生变化。很大一部分矿工打算破坏公司财产，攻击其雇员，使用火器或加入武装团体。这些可能成为斗士的人是出于不满，物质和社会激励。