Conflict, poverty and weak institutions create hardships for people, societies and economies on a global basis. We investigate macro-societal state fragility and stability. Within this context, and from a microfoundations perspective, we analyse individual-level constructs and particularly, the importance of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and individual resilience in forming the intent to start a business. With primary data from Afghanistan, Iraq, Peru, Tajikistan, the United States and Finland, we find that under stable conditions, a belief in one’s entrepreneurial ability – entrepreneurial self-efficacy – is critical. Conversely, under adverse conditions, as evident in fragile states, the ability to grow from adversity – individual resilience – is the more meaningful resource.

冲突，贫困和机构薄弱在全球范围内给人民，社会和经济带来困难。我们调查了宏观社会国家的脆弱性和稳定性。在这种背景下，从微观基础的角度，我们分析了个人层面的结构，尤其是企业家自我效能和个人适应力在形成创业意图方面的重要性。根据阿富汗，伊拉克，秘鲁，塔吉克斯坦，美国和芬兰的主要数据，我们发现，在稳定的条件下，相信自己的创业能力（创业自我效能感）至关重要。相反，在不利条件下（如脆弱国家所证明的），从逆境中成长的能力（个人的适应能力）是更有意义的资源。