A few years ago, at a leading American liberal arts college, a famous scholar delivered a lecture devoted to a comparison of the three great social movements of the twentieth century: anti-colonial, national liberation efforts in India, anti-Apartheid struggle in South Africa, and the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. All three, in the face of the overwhelming might of their oppressive opponents, rejected violence as the means to achieve their goals; all three were led by charismatic leaders, Gandhi, Mandela, and Martin Luther King, respectively; and all three, against the odds, succeeded in achieving their immediate goals (even if their long-term outcomes have not been fully satisfactory). We do not mention the name of the scholar, because we want to focus not on what was said and how (and it was a sagacious, enlightening, and perfectly delivered lecture, showing how the anger of the oppressed can be converted into moral and political victory by non-violent means) but on what was missing in it. The fourth great, non-violent, successful social movement of the twentieth century and its charismatic leader, Polish Solidarity and Lech Wałęsa, seemingly a perfect illustration of the speaker’s thesis, were not mentioned at all.

中文翻译：

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来自编辑

几年前，在一所美国领先的文理学院，一位著名学者发表了演讲，专门比较了二十世纪的三大社会运动：印度的反殖民，民族解放努力，南方的反种族隔离斗争。非洲和美国的民权运动。面对压迫性对手压倒性的压倒性势力，这三个人都拒绝以暴力作为实现目标的手段。这三个人分别由甘地，曼德拉和马丁·路德·金领导。而这三者在不利的情况下都成功实现了他们的近期目标（即使他们的长期结果还不能完全令人满意）。我们之所以没有提及学者的名字，是因为我们不想将注意力集中在所说的内容和方式上（这是一个睿智，启发人，并完美地发表了演讲，展示了被压迫者的愤怒如何通过非暴力手段转化为道德和政治上的胜利），但是缺少了什么。根本没有提到二十世纪第四次伟大的，非暴力的，成功的社会运动，它的超凡魅力的领导者波兰团结和莱希·瓦文萨（LechWałęsa），似乎是发言人论文的完美例证。