This essay describes the evolution of what I term the ‘environmentalization’ of the image, especially in the context of various historical instantiations that have culminated in the contemporary virtual dispositif known as the head-mounted display (HMD). As soon as users don one of these helmets, they lose a simple yet crucial freedom of which they were previously unaware, namely the liberty to focus on an ‘off-image’, beyond the borders of the picture. This could be seeing the frame of a painting when deciding to look at the fire extinguisher hanging beside it, or the limits of the cinema screen when choosing to orient the gaze towards the ‘toilet’ or ‘exit’ signs, or the edges of one’s laptop when grabbing the coffee mug. Conversely, once immersed in the virtual environment offered by a head-mounted display, one can only see images: the iconic landscape incessantly and continuously unfolds in 360 degrees, regardless of the orientation of vision.

中文翻译：

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走向生态学：图像作为环境

本文描述了我任期的形象“environmentalization”的演变，特别是在具有当代虚拟高潮的各种历史实例上下文主文被称为头戴式显示器（HMD）。用户一旦戴上这些头盔中的一个，便会失去以前从未意识到的简单而又至关重要的自由，即自由专注于图像之外的“离像”。这可能是在决定查看悬挂在其旁边的灭火器时看到的画框，或者是在选择将视线对准“马桶”或“出口”标志或某人的边缘时电影院的边界。笔记本电脑时抓住咖啡杯。相反，一旦沉浸在头戴式显示器所提供的虚拟环境中，则只能看到图像：标志性景观以360度连续不断地展开，而与视觉方向无关。