James Shirley’s The Cardinal (1641; printed 1653) has long been considered one of the dramatist’s greatest plays.1¹ Set in Navarre, the play is about politics as much as it is religion, and its part in the ongoing contemporary debate about the role of bishops in politics is indisputable. Without a clear source (although this is not uncommon for Shirley’s plays), critics suggested that Shirley’s cardinal alluded to the powerful Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII’s first minister.2² The critical consensus has now shifted, with most scholars agreeing that Shirley’s cardinal was intended to invoke the influential and unpopular Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud.3³ The link is generally made, however, only on presumed contextual grounds—that is, because Shirley’s cardinal and Laud share some vague similarities, they must be linked.

中文翻译：

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詹姆斯·雪莉（James Shirley）的红衣主教和劳德大主教

詹姆斯·雪莉的枢机主教（1641;印刷1653）一直被认为是剧作家的最大plays.1的一个¹坐落在纳瓦拉，该剧讲述的是政治，它更是宗教，它在对角色正在进行的当代辩论的一部分主教在政治上是无可争议的。没有一个明确的来源（虽然这是不寻常的雪莉的戏剧），批评者认为，雪莉的基数提到强大的红衣主教黎塞留，路易十三的第一minister.2 ²关键共识现已转向，大多数学者一致认为雪莉的根本之意唤起坎特伯雷有影响力且不受欢迎的大主教威廉·劳德（William Laud）。3 ³ 但是，通常仅在假定的上下文基础上建立链接-即，由于Shirley的枢机主教和Laud有一些模糊的相似之处，因此必须将它们联系起来。