Abstract

Evidentiality as a typological category pertains to the source of information from the speaker's point of view without specifying it. This information may be conveyed as non-witnessed, inferred or surprising (mirative), among other possibilities. Evidentiality strategies and mirativity strategies are usually secondary extensions of other primary functions, such as resultativity. These strategies may be grammatical, syntactic or discursive, and I also include here lexical items with no other function. In Traditional Negev Arabic, as spoken by elderly Bedouin in Southern Israel, grammatical evidentiality was noted in 1992. Since then, however, evidentiality in Arabic has only been recognized in some peripheral dialects in contact with evidential languages. This study analyses the interaction and pragmatic-rhetorical effects of three strategies for evidentiality and mirativity in oral narrative texts in Traditional Negev Arabic: a grammatical strategy via the evidential participle; a lexical strategy via evidential particles; and a discourse-syntactic strategy via presentatives, combining visual evidence with mirativity and often inference. These strategies tend to cluster together in narrative peaks, creating saturated environments of high dramatic tension. Their complex interaction is highly effective in focalizing and achieving pragmatic and rhetorical ends in this under-studied and rapidly disappearing oral narrative tradition.

中文翻译：

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传统内盖夫阿拉伯语中的证据性和奇迹性：形态，词汇和语篇句法策略

摘要

从说话者的角度来看，作为类型学类别的证据属于信息源，而没有具体说明。除其他可能性外，该信息可能以无见证的，推断的或令人惊讶的（喜怒无常的）方式传达。证据性策略和迁移策略通常是其他主要功能（例如结果性）的次级扩展。这些策略可能是语法上的，句法上的或话语上的，并且在这里我还包括没有其他功能的词汇项目。正如以色列南部的贝都因人年长的人所说的那样，在传统的内盖夫阿拉伯语中，在1992年注意到了语法上的证据性。然而，从那时起，阿拉伯语的证据性仅在与证据语言相联系的一些外围方言中得到认可。本研究分析了传统的内盖夫阿拉伯语口头叙事文本中三种证据性和神化性策略的相互作用和语用-修辞效果：一种基于证据分词的语法策略；另一种基于证据分词的语法策略。通过证据粒子的词汇策略；以及通过演讲者进行的语篇-句法策略，将视觉证据与幻想和经常推理相结合。这些策略趋向于聚集在叙事高峰中，从而创造出充满戏剧性张力的饱和环境。他们之间的复杂互动在这种未被充分研究且迅速消失的口述叙事传统中，集中精力并达到了务实和修辞的目的是非常有效的。通过证据粒子的词汇策略；以及通过演讲者进行的语篇-句法策略，将视觉证据与幻想和经常推理相结合。这些策略趋向于聚集在叙事高峰中，从而创造出充满戏剧性张力的饱和环境。他们之间的复杂互动在这种未被充分研究且迅速消失的口述叙事传统中，集中精力并达到了务实和修辞的目的是非常有效的。通过证据粒子的词汇策略；以及通过演讲者进行的语篇-句法策略，将视觉证据与幻想和经常推理相结合。这些策略趋向于聚集在叙事高峰中，从而创造出充满戏剧性张力的饱和环境。他们之间的复杂互动在这种未被充分研究且迅速消失的口述叙事传统中，集中精力并达到了务实和修辞的目的是非常有效的。