This article advances a new approach based on ‘varieties of capital’ to explain gendered upward mobility in political parties. Research on gender political advancement unduly neglects women delegates to national party congresses. Our work seeks to redress the imbalance by drawing on data gathered from 5,122 questionnaires issued to national party delegates at 20 national conventions that took place between 2004 and 2013 in Italy. To analyse the data we develop a new framework based on ‘varieties of capital’. Our approach builds on Bourdieu's three types of personal capital – economic, social and cultural – and interprets the findings borrowing analytical tools from recent feminist institutional theory, especially the concept of homosocial capital. Comparisons of male and female party delegates in terms of background and their political trajectories reveal the persistence of an uneven playing field, with gendered hierarchies in Italian political parties confirming an international pattern.

中文翻译：

---

意大利各种资本和性别政党办公室

本文提出了一种基于“资本多样性”的新方法来解释政党中的性别向上流动。关于性别政治进步的研究过度忽视了参加全国党代会的女性代表。我们的工作旨在通过利用从 2004 年至 2013 年间在意大利举行的 20 次全国代表大会上向国家党代表发出的 5,122 份问卷收集的数据来纠正这种不平衡。为了分析数据，我们开发了一个基于“资本品种”的新框架。我们的方法建立在布迪厄的三种个人资本——经济、社会和文化——的基础上，并借用了近期女权主义制度理论的分析工具，特别是同质社会资本的概念来解释这些发现。