Decorated helmets fitted with a metal mask in the form of a human face have been found throughout the lands of the Roman empire, and sometimes beyond it. Despite the significant number of examples (whole or in part) surviving from the 1st to the 3rd c. A.D., these helmets remain an enigma to students of the Roman army. They have usually (though not exclusively) been found either at or close to forts garrisoned by cavalry or in hoards or graves containing other military equipment, often cavalry-specific such as horse-chamfrons. Most have therefore been identified as cavalry helmets, and it is widely accepted that many are of the type referred to by the 2nd-c. general Arrian in his treatise Tactica whilst describing cavalry exercises (hippika gymnasia): these helmets, unlike those made for battle, do not protect just the head and cheeks, but are made to fit the faces of the cavalrymen completely, with openings for the eyes so as not to interrupt the vision whilst nevertheless providing protection for the eyes.1

中文翻译：

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哑剧骑兵：“骑兵运动”头盔与边境省份的流行文化

在整个罗马帝国的土地上，有时甚至在它之外，都发现了带有人脸形式的金属面具的装饰头盔。尽管有大量的例子（全部或部分）从 1 世纪到 3 世纪幸存下来。公元后，这些头盔对罗马军队的学生来说仍然是个谜。它们通常（尽管不是唯一的）被发现在骑兵驻防的堡垒或附近，或者在包含其他军事装备的宝库或坟墓中，通常是骑兵特有的，例如马槽。大多数因此被确定为骑兵头盔，并且被广泛接受的是许多属于 2nd-c 所指的类型。阿里安将军在他的论文中战术在描述骑兵演习时（hippika 体操):这些头盔与战斗用头盔不同，它不仅保护头部和脸颊，而且完全贴合骑兵的面部，并带有眼睛开口，以免妨碍视线，同时还能保护眼睛。1