Peter Christian “Paddy” Barrie was a seasoned fraudster who transferred his horse doping and horse substitution skills from British to North American racetracks in the 1920s. His thoroughbred ringers were entered in elite races to guarantee winnings for syndicates and betting rings in the Prohibition-era United States. This case study of a professional travelling criminal and the challenges he posed for the Pinkerton National Detective Agency in the early 1930s war on crime highlights both the importance of illegal betting to urban mobsters and the need for broader and more nuanced critiques of Depression-era organized-crime activities and alliances.

中文翻译：

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“一个铃声被用来杀人”：早期大萧条时期的马画和赛马场腐败 - 犯罪战争

Peter Christian “Paddy” Barrie 是一位经验丰富的欺诈者，他在 1920 年代将他的马匹兴奋剂和马替代技术从英国转移到了北美赛马场。他的纯种铃声参加了精英比赛，以保证在禁酒令时代的美国为辛迪加和投注圈赢得奖金。本案例研究了一名专业的旅行犯罪分子，以及他在 1930 年代初期的打击犯罪战争中为平克顿国家侦探局提出的挑战，突出了非法赌博对城市暴徒的重要性以及对大萧条时期有组织的更广泛和更细致的批评的必要性-犯罪活动和联盟。