In the wake of the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis, the Swedish and Swiss governments adopted a similar policy approach. They enacted mostly non-binding measures to contain the epidemic, relying on the high level of interpersonal trust and trust in political institutions that exist in both of these (broadly comparable) countries to ensure compliance. However, unlike Sweden’s strategy, the Swiss policy response evolved during the early weeks of the “first wave”, achieving public health and socioeconomic results that have been considered as satisfactory, notwithstanding the complex institutional setting and policy process, the central location of Switzerland in continental Europe, its openness and its closeness with deeply affected regions in Italy and France. To shed light on this policy response and to draw lessons from it, this paper firstly discusses the role played by the new Swiss Epidemics Act. This law centralises decision-making capacity at the federal level and expands the competences of the central government, while leaving leeway to subnational units for implementation and recognising the need for increased international regulatory cooperation. Secondly, it shows how such a solution – a multi-level arrangement steered from the federal level with quite strong vertical and horizontal coordination mechanisms – could work as a blueprint for a European Health Union.

中文翻译：

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信任、协调和多层次安排：欧洲卫生联盟的经验教训

在 COVID-19 危机爆发后，瑞典和瑞士政府采取了类似的政策方法。他们制定了大部分不具约束力的措施来遏制这一流行病，依靠高度的人际信任和对这两个（大致可比的）国家存在的政治机构的信任来确保遵守。然而，与瑞典的战略不同，瑞士的政策反应在“第一波”的最初几周内发生了变化，尽管制度环境和政策过程复杂，但瑞士的中心位置在欧洲大陆，它的开放性和与意大利和法国受灾严重的地区的密切关系。为了阐明这一政策反应并从中吸取教训，本文首先讨论了新的瑞士流行病法案所发挥的作用。该法律集中了联邦一级的决策能力并扩大了中央政府的能力，同时为地方单位留出了实施的余地，并认识到加强国际监管合作的必要性。其次，它展示了这样一个解决方案——从联邦层面引导的多层次安排，具有相当强大的纵向和横向协调机制——可以作为欧洲卫生联盟的蓝图。同时为地方单位留有实施的余地，并认识到加强国际监管合作的必要性。其次，它展示了这样一个解决方案——从联邦层面引导的多层次安排，具有相当强大的纵向和横向协调机制——可以作为欧洲卫生联盟的蓝图。同时为地方单位留有实施的余地，并认识到加强国际监管合作的必要性。其次，它展示了这样一个解决方案——从联邦层面引导的多层次安排，具有相当强大的纵向和横向协调机制——可以作为欧洲卫生联盟的蓝图。