In the late Avar period (eighth to ninth century ad), vast quantities of utilitarian artefacts were produced in series in the Carpathian Basin, a phenomenon not seen since the end of the Roman period. The distribution of these articles reflects not only the region's settlement pattern, but also how these artefacts were disseminated. The communication network in the Carpathian Basin underwent a significant transformation between the early and late Avar period: its major nodes, equated with population centres but not necessarily with elite centres, contributed to moulding a social and cultural milieu that included specialized craftsmen. An early single hub in southern Transdanubia was replaced by multiple centres by the late Avar period. Around ad 700, a bipolar settlement pattern emerges in the southern part of the Carpathian Basin. It seems that the Great Hungarian Plain began to play an equal, if not dominant, role in the communication network of the Carpathian Basin at this time.

中文翻译：

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一个（针）案例：中世纪早期喀尔巴阡盆地的转变（阿瓦尔晚期，公元 8-9 世纪）

在阿瓦尔晚期（八至九世纪广告)，喀尔巴阡盆地连续生产了大量实用的人工制品，这是自罗马时期末期以来从未见过的现象。这些物品的分布不仅反映了该地区的聚落格局，还反映了这些文物是如何传播的。喀尔巴阡盆地的通讯网络在阿瓦尔早期和晚期之间经历了重大转变：其主要节点等同于人口中心但不一定等同于精英中心，有助于塑造包括专业工匠在内的社会和文化环境。在阿瓦尔晚期，外多瑙河南部的一个早期单一枢纽被多个中心所取代。大约广告700 年，喀尔巴阡盆地南部出现两极聚落格局。似乎匈牙利大平原此时开始在喀尔巴阡盆地的通讯网络中发挥同等甚至主导的作用。