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Collaborative management as a way to enhance Araucaria Forest resilience
Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.03.002
Mario M. Tagliari , Carolina Levis , Bernardo M. Flores , Graziela D. Blanco , Carolina T. Freitas , Juliano A. Bogoni , Ghislain Vieilledent , Nivaldo Peroni

People and nature interact since millennia in forests worldwide, but current management strategies addressing these ecosystems often exclude local people from the decision-making process. This top-down approach is the cornerstone of conservation initiatives, particularly in highly threatened and fragmented forested ecosystems. In contrast, collaborative management involving the participation of local communities has increasingly contributed to conservation efforts globally. Here we ask how collaborative management would contribute to the conservation of a threatened, culturally important, and keystone tree species. We address this question in the Araucaria Forest System1 (AFS) in southern Brazil, where the main conservation strategy has been top-down based on restrictive use. Throughout the entire distribution of AFS, we interviewed 97 smallholders about how they use and manage Araucaria angustifolia trees (araucaria). We integrated their Traditional Ecological Knowledge2 (TEK) with a literature review about the conservation status of Araucaria Forests to analyze potential outcomes of two alternative conservation models: top-down with restrictive use, and bottom-up with collaborative management. We identified the feedback mechanisms in each model, and how they dampen or self-reinforced critical processes for AFS resilience. Our models showed that a top-down strategy maintains forest cover resilient to illegal logging but at the cost of losing TEK (undermining socio-ecological resilience) and forest resilience to other external disturbances, such as climate change. Alternatively, a bottom-up approach based on successful collaborative management schemes may increase the general resilience of AFS, while preserving TEK, thus contributing to maintaining the entire social-ecological system. Our findings indicate how it is paramount to maintain TEK to conserve AFS in the long term through collaborative management. By including local actors in the governance of AFS, its resilience is reinforced, promoting forest expansion, maintenance of TEK, and participatory conservation.



中文翻译:

协作管理是增强南洋杉森林适应力的一种方式

几千年以来,人与自然在世界范围内的森林中相互作用,但是针对这些生态系统的当前管理策略通常将当地人排除在决策过程之外。这种自上而下的方法是保护计划的基石,尤其是在高度威胁和零散的森林生态系统中。相反,涉及地方社区参与的协作管理在全球范围内为保护工作做出了越来越多的贡献。在这里,我们问到协作管理将如何有助于保护受威胁的,具有重要文化意义的关键树种。我们在南洋杉森林系统1中解决这个问题(AFS)在巴西南部,那里的主要保护策略是基于限制使用自上而下。在AFS的整个发行过程中,我们就97个小农如何使用和管理南洋杉(araucaria)进行了访谈。我们整合了他们的传统生态知识2(TEK)对南洋杉森林的保护状况进行了文献综述,以分析两种替代保护模式的潜在结果:自上而下的限制性使用和自下而上的协作管理。我们确定了每个模型中的反馈机制,以及它们如何抑制或自我增强AFS弹性的关键过程。我们的模型表明,自上而下的策略可以使森林覆盖率保持对非法采伐的抵抗力,但代价是丧失TEK(破坏社会生态适应力),并使森林对其他外部干扰(例如气候变化)具有适应力。或者,基于成功的协作管理方案的自下而上的方法可以提高AFS的总体弹性,同时保留TEK,从而有助于维护整个社会生态系统。我们的发现表明,通过长期合作管理,保持TEK以保持AFS至关重要。通过在AFS的治理中纳入当地参与者,可以增强AFS的适应力,促进森林扩张,TEK的维护和参与性保护。

更新日期:2021-05-02
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