Abstract

Exosomes are membrane-based extracellular vesicles naturally released by the cells. Nano size range of exosomes and unique properties such as stability, biocompatibility and low immunogenicity are key parameters, which make them suitable as nanoparticulate drug delivery system and also considered as promising delivery carriers for future clinical use. This review outlines the composition, biogenesis, isolation and characterisation methods along with biological and clinical applications of exosomes. Further, the biopharmaceutical features of exosomes include loading method, modified exosomes and potential use of exosomes for different diseases are well explained with the current case studies. We well elaborate the future directions for clinical use of exosomes as drug delivery platforms.

摘要

外泌体是细胞自然释放的基于膜的细胞外囊泡。纳米尺寸范围的外泌体以及稳定性、生物相容性和低免疫原性等独特特性是关键参数，使其适合作为纳米颗粒药物递送系统，也被认为是未来临床应用的有前途的递送载体。本综述概述了外泌体的组成、生物发生、分离和表征方法以及生物学和临床应用。此外，目前的案例研究很好地解释了外泌体的生物制药特征包括加载方法、修饰的外泌体以及外泌体对不同疾病的潜在用途。我们很好地阐述了外泌体作为药物递送平台临床应用的未来方向。