Most American police departments claim to practice community-oriented policing (COP). The stated goals are to build partnerships between the police and the community, maintain order and quality of life, and solve problems that contribute to crime and fear of crime. However, researchers have noted how most departments attempting to implement COP have fallen short in successfully adopting the recommended reforms. This paper argues that the institutional setting in which American public policing operates leads to this result. By contrast, the institutional features of private security make its operation more conducive to achieving the goals of COP. These institutional differences include whether economic calculation is possible, the domain that is policed, and which rules are enforced.

中文翻译：

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制度激励和社区警务

大多数美国警察部门声称实行以社区为导向的警务（COP）。既定目标是在警察和社区之间建立伙伴关系，维持秩序和生活质量，并解决导致犯罪和犯罪恐惧的问题。然而，研究人员注意到，大多数试图实施 COP 的部门在成功采用所建议的改革方面存在不足。本文认为，美国公共警务运作的制度环境导致了这一结果。相比之下，私人证券的制度特征使其运作更有利于实现COP的目标。这些制度差异包括经济计算是否可行、受监管的领域以及执行哪些规则。