Investor–State dispute settlement (ISDS) is undergoing a seismic shift, not least regarding its relationship with human rights. We apply the three ‘generations’ of human rights framework to ISDS reform, underscoring fundamental tensions between ISDS and human rights considerations. The resultant tensions are as varied as calls for reform spanning, inter alia, permissive human rights provisions in international investment agreements, inconsistent State practices regarding human rights in model agreements, and case law that largely ignores human rights considerations. We acknowledge these tensions, noting where they persist, as well as where the seeds of reform have already been sewn. We contend that ongoing ISDS reform efforts provide opportunities to infuse the ISDS architecture with a newfound emphasis on all generations of human rights, thereby overcoming many of the persistent tensions that have previously encumbered efforts to develop synergies between ISDS and international human rights law.

中文翻译：

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人权与投资者-国家争端解决改革：将方形钉插入圆孔？

投资者-国家争端解决机制 (ISDS) 正在发生翻天覆地的变化，尤其是在其与人权的关系方面。我们将“三代”人权框架应用于 ISDS 改革，强调 ISDS 与人权考虑之间的根本张力。由此产生的紧张局势多种多样，包括改革的呼声，其中包括国际投资协议中允许的人权条款、示范协议中关于人权的国家做法不一致，以及在很大程度上忽视人权考虑的判例法。我们承认这些紧张局势，指出它们持续存在的地方，以及已经播下改革种子的地方。我们认为，正在进行的 ISDS 改革努力为 ISDS 架构注入新发现的对各代人权的强调提供了机会，