Abstract

Partial clonality is known to affect the genetic composition and evolutionary trajectory of diplontic (single, free-living diploid stage) populations. However, many partially clonal eukaryotes exhibit life cycles in which somatic development occurs in both haploid and diploid individuals (haplodiplontic life cycles). Here, we studied how haplodiplontic life cycles and partial clonality structurally constrain, as immutable parameters, the reshuffling of genetic diversity and its dynamics in populations over generations. We assessed the distribution of common population genetic indices at different proportions of haploids, rates of clonality, mutation rates, and sampling efforts. Our results showed that haplodiplontic life cycles alone in finite populations affect effective population sizes and the ranges of distributions of population genetic indices. With nonoverlapping generations, haplodiplonty allowed the evolution of 2 temporal genetic pools that may diverge in sympatry due to genetic drift under full sexuality and clonality. Partial clonality in these life cycles acted as a homogenizing force between those 2 pools. Moreover, the combined effects of proportion of haploids, rate of clonality, and the relative strength of mutation versus genetic drift impacts the distributions of population genetics indices, rendering it difficult to transpose and use knowledge accumulated from diplontic or haplontic species. Finally, we conclude by providing recommendations for sampling and analyzing the population genetics of partially clonal haplodiplontic taxa.

中文翻译：

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单倍体和部分克隆对有限突变种群中基因型和遗传多样性的综合影响

摘要

已知部分克隆性会影响双体（单一、自由生活的二倍体阶段）种群的遗传组成和进化轨迹。然而，许多部分克隆的真核生物表现出生命周期，其中体细胞发育发生在单倍体和二倍体个体中（单倍体生命周期）。在这里，我们研究了单倍体生命周期和部分克隆性如何在结构上限制遗传多样性的重新排列及其世代间种群的动态变化，作为不可变参数。我们评估了不同单倍体比例、克隆率、突变率和采样工作的常见群体遗传指数的分布。我们的结果表明，仅在有限种群中单倍体生命周期会影响有效种群大小和种群遗传指数的分布范围。对于不重叠的世代，单倍体允许 2 个时间遗传库的进化，由于完全性和克隆性下的遗传漂移，它们可能会在同义上发生分歧。这些生命周期中的部分克隆性充当了这两个池之间的同质化力量。此外，单倍体比例、克隆率以及突变与遗传漂变的相对强度的综合影响影响种群遗传指数的分布，使得难以转置和使用从双体或单体物种积累的知识。最后，