Acute cholecystitis is a common and frequently occurring disease, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment method. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage is regarded as the first-line palliative procedure for elderly patients with poor cardiopulmonary function who cannot tolerate general anesthesia. However, for patients with acute cholecystitis who are undergoing treatment with oral antithrombotics or who have abnormal coagulation mechanisms, endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage may be a good choice. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage is an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-based technique that drains the gallbladder by placing a tube into the cavity of the gallbladder though the cystic gall duct. It is the application of the concept of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in the biliary system. This technique can not only achieve gallbladder drainage but can also minimize the risk of procedure-induced bleeding. In this paper, we describe a representative case to introduce the key points of this procedure and the associated clinical care, hoping to provide useful information for clinicians and nurses.

急性胆囊炎是一种常见且频繁发生的疾病，腹腔镜胆囊切除术是首选的治疗方法。对于不能耐受全身麻醉的心肺功能差的老年患者，经皮肝穿刺胆囊引流术是一线姑息治疗。但是，对于正在接受口服抗血栓药治疗或凝血机制异常的急性胆囊炎患者，内镜下经乳头胆囊引流可能是一个不错的选择。内窥镜经乳头胆囊引流术是一种基于内镜逆行胰胆管造影术的技术，通过将管子通过胆囊胆管置入胆囊腔中来引流胆囊。它是自然孔腔内镜手术在胆道系统中的应用。该技术不仅可以实现胆囊引流，而且还可以最大程度地减少因手术引起的出血的风险。在本文中，我们描述了一个典型案例，介绍了该过程的关键点以及相关的临床护理，希望为临床医生和护士提供有用的信息。