ABSTRACT

The availability of and access to fair opportunities has been proposed as significant to promoting occupational justice. This paper presents a scoping review that aimed to explore how the concept ‘opportunity’ has been understood within occupational science. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005 Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) methodological framework, we identified, screened, and selected 12 papers that focused on the theorization of opportunity or concepts and/or frameworks proposed to be related. Our thematic synthesis of these papers revealed three themes: Opportunity conceptualized as synonymous with capabilities, Occupational opportunity conceptualized as an option to participate, and Implicit theorization of opportunity couched within social transformation. Collectively these themes revealed that theorization about opportunity is implicit and largely focused on access to basic resources. Opportunity was also shown to be a concept that holds importance for a socially transformative occupational science agenda because of the relationship it holds with situations of inequality and injustice. Although the third theme teases out some of the relationships that opportunity holds to other concepts relevant for social transformation, this theorization remains limited. We conclude that further scholarship should involve clarifying disciplinary terminology and providing insight into how opportunity could contribute to occupational justice. We end by providing some suggestions for how to take up this challenge.

摘要

已提议提供和获得公平机会对于促进职业正义具有重要意义。本文提出了一项范围界定审查，旨在探讨如何在休闲科学中理解“机会”这一概念。继阿克西和奥马利 ( 2005) Arksey, H.和O'Malley, L.（2005 年）。范围界定研究：迈向方法框架。国际社会研究方法学杂志，8 (1), 19 – 32。https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616 [Taylor & Francis Online]  , [Google Scholar]) 方法论框架，我们确定、筛选和选择了 12 篇论文，这些论文侧重于机会或概念和/或提议相关的框架的理论化。我们对这些论文的主题综合揭示了三个主题：将机会概念化为能力的同义词，将职业机会概念化为参与的一种选择，以及在社会转型中隐含的机会理论化。总的来说，这些主题表明，关于机会的理论是隐含的，主要集中在获取基本资源上。机会也被证明是一个对社会变革休闲科学议程具有重要意义的概念，因为它与不平等和不公正的情况有关。尽管第三个主题梳理了机会与其他与社会转型相关的概念之间的一些关系，但这种理论化仍然有限。我们得出的结论是，进一步的学术研究应该包括澄清学科术语并深入了解机会如何有助于职业正义。最后，我们就如何应对这一挑战提供了一些建议。