Abstract

This study illustrates the potential offered by observational methodology for analysing spontaneous behaviours and interactions by students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We present a case study in which we observed, analysed and interpreted how an adolescent boy with ASD interacted both verbally and non-verbally with his physical education teacher and with different gym- and pool-based tasks within a motor skills development programme. The data were annotated in the free software LINCE using an ad hoc observation instrument combining a field format and category systems. The quality of the data was confirmed by high levels of interobserver agreement (calculated quantitatively using Cohen’s kappa statistic). Two diachronic techniques at the forefront of observational methodology, lag sequential analysis (GSEQ) and polar coordinate analysis (HOISAN), were used to investigate activating and inhibitory relationships corresponding to desirable and undesirable verbal and non-verbal interactions between the boy and the different zones in the motor skills circuits and the teacher’s responses to these interactions.

摘要

本研究说明了观察方法在分析自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 学生的自发行为和互动方面的潜力。我们提供了一个案例研究，在该案例研究中，我们观察、分析和解释了一名患有 ASD 的青春期男孩如何与他的体育老师进行口头和非口头互动，以及如何在运动技能发展计划中完成不同的基于健身房和泳池的任务。数据在免费软件 LINCE 中使用临时工具进行注释结合场格式和类别系统的观测仪器。高水平的观察者间一致性（使用 Cohen 的 kappa 统计量进行定量计算）证实了数据的质量。两种处于观察方法前沿的历时技术，滞后序列分析 (GSEQ) 和极坐标分析 (HOISAN)，用于研究对应于男孩与不同区域之间理想和不理想的语言和非语言交互的激活和抑制关系在运动技能回路和教师对这些互动的反应中。