Irene Nemirovsky (1903–1942) and Karoly Pap (1897–1945) belong roughly to the same generation, and shared the same fate, dying at a young age in a Nazi concentration camp. Aside from that terrible similarity, many things separated them. But they were both deeply preoccupied with what I am calling the “Jewish question for Jews,” and produced powerful fictional works depicting the individual malaise and the existential dilemmas that characterized the lives of secular or acculturated Jews in Europe in the early twentieth-century. They can both be called “portrayers of conflicted Jewish identity.” I analyze some of their most characteristic works, showing that they shared a highly pessimistic view about the possibilities of Jewish assimilation.

中文翻译：

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两次世界大战期间文学中的“犹太人问题”：伊雷娜·涅米洛夫斯基和卡罗利·帕普

Irene Nemirovsky (1903–1942) 和 Karoly Pap (1897–1945) 大致属于同一代人，命运相同，年幼时死于纳粹集中营。除了这种可怕的相似性之外，还有很多事情将他们分开。但他们都深深地专注于我所说的“犹太人的犹太人问题”，并创作了强有力的虚构作品，描绘了二十世纪早期欧洲世俗或文化适应的犹太人的个人不适和生存困境。他们都可以被称为“冲突的犹太人身份的描绘者”。我分析了他们一些最具特色的作品，表明他们对犹太人同化的可能性持高度悲观的看法。