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Delinquency in Emerging Adulthood: Insights into Trajectories of Young Adults in a German Sample and Implications for Measuring Continuity of Offending
Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology ( IF 2.222 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s40865-020-00157-1
Georg Kessler

The majority of studies within the framework of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology focus on adolescence. There are even fewer studies that deal with heterotypic measures of delinquency. This study fills a gap in the literature by targeting exclusively the period of emerging adulthood (ages 18 to 28) and scrutinizing different trajectories and patterns of offending (offending portfolios) thereof. We discuss the topic of continuity of offending with changing opportunity structures for an adult population via contrast of one set of delinquent behaviors reflecting opportunity structures in adolescence (youth set) and one where adult-appropriate criminal activities were added (total set). We applied latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to both sets in a sample of 1810 German men and women aged 18 to 28 years. During emerging adulthood, average crime versatility and incidences increase slightly with items of the total set, while it decreases with only the youth set. LCGA on the total set reveals five meaningful trajectories with declining but also increasing slopes. Among these is one trajectory of innocuous adolescents, who start an offending career with mainly adult crimes during emerging adulthood. Of the sample, 45.25% reported at least one offense during that period. Traffic offenses and fraud are the most prevalent types of offending. While the sample’s majority is considered non-offenders, emerging adults do not entirely cease to commit offenses. Instead, they shift their preference towards age-appropriate and covert ways to act anti-socially. Trajectory groups reflect proclivities towards either youth, adult, or a mix of both types of crime.



中文翻译:

新兴成人犯罪:在德国样本中了解年轻成年人的轨迹及其对犯罪连续性的测量意义

发展和生命过程犯罪学框架内的大多数研究专注于青春期。涉及犯罪的异型性措施的研究甚至更少。这项研究通过专门针对新兴的成年时期(18至28岁)并研究其不同的轨迹和违规模式(违规组合),填补了文献中的空白。我们通过一组反映青少年时期机会结构的违法行为(青年组)和添加了成人适当犯罪活动的犯罪行为(总组)的对比,讨论了成年人犯罪机会结构不断变化的犯罪连续性问题。我们对1810名年龄在18至28岁之间的德国男性和女性样本进行了潜在类生长分析(LCGA)。在成年时期,随着犯罪案件总数的增加,平均犯罪多功能性和发病率略有增加,而只有青年时期才有所减少。总体上的LCGA揭示了五个有意义的轨迹,它们的斜率在下降,但也在增加。其中有一条轨迹是无辜的青少年,他们在成年后开始从事犯罪活动,主要是成人犯罪。在该样本中,有45.25%的人报告在此期间至少有一次犯罪。交通违法和欺诈是最普遍的违法行为。虽然样本中的大多数被认为是非犯罪者,但新兴成年人并没有完全停止犯罪。取而代之的是,他们将自己的偏好转向适合年龄的,秘密的反社会行为方式。弹道群体反映了青少年,成年人或这两种类型犯罪的共同倾向。总体上的LCGA揭示了五个有意义的轨迹,它们的斜率在下降,但也在增加。其中有一条轨迹是无辜的青少年,他们在成年后开始从事犯罪活动,主要是成人犯罪。在该样本中,有45.25%的人报告在此期间至少有一次犯罪。交通违法和欺诈是最普遍的违法行为。虽然样本中的大多数被认为是非犯罪者,但新兴成年人并没有完全停止犯罪。取而代之的是,他们将自己的偏好转向适合年龄的,秘密的反社会行为方式。弹道群体反映了青少年,成年人或这两种类型犯罪的共同倾向。总体上的LCGA揭示了五个有意义的轨迹,它们的斜率在下降,但也在增加。其中有一条轨迹是无辜的青少年,他们在成年后开始从事犯罪活动,主要是成人犯罪。在该样本中,有45.25%的人报告在此期间至少有一次犯罪。交通违法和欺诈是最普遍的违法行为。虽然样本中的大多数被认为是非犯罪者,但新兴成年人并没有完全停止犯罪。取而代之的是,他们将自己的偏好转向适合年龄的,秘密的反社会行为方式。弹道群体反映了青少年,成年人或这两种类型犯罪的共同倾向。在该样本中,有45.25%的人报告在此期间至少有一次犯罪。交通违法和欺诈是最普遍的违法行为。虽然样本中的大多数被认为是非犯罪者,但新兴成年人并没有完全停止犯罪。取而代之的是,他们将自己的偏好转向适合年龄的,秘密的反社会行为方式。弹道群体反映了青少年,成年人或这两种类型犯罪的共同倾向。在该样本中,有45.25%的人报告在此期间至少有一次犯罪。交通违法和欺诈是最普遍的违法行为。虽然样本中的大多数被认为是非犯罪者,但新兴成年人并没有完全停止犯罪。取而代之的是,他们将自己的偏好转向适合年龄的和隐秘的反社会行为方式。弹道群体反映了青少年,成年人或这两种类型犯罪的共同倾向。

更新日期:2020-11-06
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