This paper considers the move from passivity to a generative passivity in Merleau-Ponty’s ontology. In The Visible and the Invisible Merleau-Ponty calls this generative passivity a “secondary passivity” and in his passivity lectures he describes it as “passivity without passivism.” The paper argues that this secondary passivity must be understood in terms of an ecart within the phenomena. That is, in terms of a separation and distance which is matrixed and configured within what appears. This is the basis for Merleau-Ponty’s statement in his passivity lectures that “the touchstone of a theory of passivity,” is a “notion of oneiric symbolism,” and why for him passivity is intimately connected to a “primordial symbol.” If the symbolic is so associated with passivity, the symbolic also does not concern origins but is both the ontological limit and divergence in phenomena. This association forces Merleau-Ponty to consider what it means for phenomenological reflection retrace its steps back to an initial event of expression and even whether phenomenology is ultimately served by description. Finally, this paper considers Merleau-Ponty’s attitude toward the literary usages of language as a means of doing a phenomenology of the secondary passivity.

中文翻译：

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次要被动性：处于现象学极限的梅洛-庞蒂

本文考虑了梅洛-庞蒂本体论中从被动到生成被动的转变。在《可见与不可见》中梅洛-庞蒂将这种生成性被动称为“次要被动”，在他的被动讲座中，他将其描述为“没有被动主义的被动”。该论文认为，必须从现象中的 ecart 角度来理解这种次要被动性。也就是说，就分离和距离而言，它是在出现的情况下进行矩阵和配置的。这是梅洛-庞蒂在他的被动性讲座中声明的基础，即“被动性理论的试金石”是“梦幻象征主义的概念”，以及为什么对他来说被动性与“原始象征”密切相关。如果象征性与被动性如此相关，象征性也与起源无关，而是现象的本体论界限和分歧。这种关联迫使梅洛-庞蒂考虑对于现象学反思意味着什么，回溯其步骤回到最初的表达事件，甚至现象学最终是否由描述服务。最后，本文将梅洛-庞蒂对语言文学用法的态度视为进行次要被动现象学的一种手段。