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A study of Babylonian records of planetary stations
Archive for History of Exact Sciences ( IF 0.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s00407-021-00272-5
J. M. Steele , E. L. Meszaros

Late Babylonian astronomical texts contain records of the stationary points of the outer planets using three different notational formats: Type S where the position is given relative to a Normal Star and whether it is an eastern or western station is noted, Type I which is similar to Type S except that the Normal Star is replaced by a reference to a zodiacal sign, and Type Z the position is given by reference to a zodiacal sign, but no indication of whether the station is an eastern or western station is included. In these records, the date of the station is sometimes preceded by the terms in and/or EN. We have created a database of station records in order to determine whether there was any pattern in the use of these notation types over time or an association with any bias in the station date or the type of text the station was recorded in. Predictive texts, which include Almanacs and Normal Star Almanacs, almost always use Type Z notation, while the Diaries, compilations, and Goal-Year Texts use all three types. Type Z records almost never include in or EN, while other types seem to include these interchangeably. When compared with modern computed station dates, the records show bias toward earlier dates, suggesting that the Babylonians were observing dates when the planets appeared to stop moving rather than the true station. Overlapping reports, where a station on the same date was recorded in two or more texts, suggest that predicted station dates were used to guide observations, and that the planet’s position on the predicted stationary date was the true point of the observation rather than the specific date of the stationary point.



中文翻译:

巴比伦行星站记录研究

巴比伦晚期的天文文本使用三种不同的符号格式包含外行星静止点的记录:类型S,相对于标准恒星给出位置,并注明其是东方还是西方站,类型I与类型S是S型,除了正常星号由黄道带符号代替,Z型是由黄道带符号赋予位置,但不包括该站点是东方站点还是西方站点的指示。在这些记录中,该站的日期的条款,有时先和/或EN。我们创建了一个电台记录数据库,以确定随着时间的推移这些符号类型的使用是否存在任何模式,或者是否与电台日期或录制电台的文本类型有任何偏差相关。其中包括年历和普通星年历,几乎总是使用Type Z表示法,而日记,汇编和目标年份文本则使用这三种类型。Z型记录几乎永远不会包含在其中或EN,而其他类型似乎可以互换地包含这些内容。与现代计算的测站日期相比,记录显示偏向于较早的日期,这表明巴比伦人正在观察行星似乎停止移动而不是真正测站的日期。重叠的报告(在两个或更多个文本中记录了同一日期的观测站)表明,预测的观测站日期用于指导观测,并且行星在预测的静止日期的位置是观测的真实点,而不是特定的固定点的日期。

更新日期:2021-03-13
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