The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of quality competitiveness based on technological innovation on the bilateral trade of goods. Our approach is based on the estimation of an import demand model that uses the data for 19 manufacturing sectors across 28 OECD countries over the period of 1998–2012. In the first step, to identify quality from prices, the logarithm of unit value (a proxy of price) is regressed on the logarithm of private R&D expenditure (a proxy for quality). The quality-adjusted prices are derived from the difference between the unit value and its predicted value. In the second step, an import demand function is used to distinguish the effects of quality (private R&D expenditure) from the effects of other factors, such as production costs, which are approximated by the quality-adjusted prices. The results of the first step indicate a significant positive effect of quality on the prices of imported goods in 7 out of 19 sectors. The results of the second step emphasise significant nonlinear effects of prices and quality on the import demand of goods: when the quality of imported goods is higher, the marginal effect of an increase in quality on the import demand is greater.

中文翻译：

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经合组织国家的价格和质量竞争力：通过研发支出提高质量的方法

本文旨在分析基于技术创新的质量竞争力对双边货物贸易的影响。我们的方法基于进口需求模型的估计，该模型使用 1998-2012 年期间 28 个经合组织国家的 19 个制造业部门的数据。第一步，为了从价格中识别质量，将单位价值的对数（价格的代表）回归到私人研发支出的对数（质量的代表）上。质量调整价格来自单位价值与其预测价值之间的差异。第二步，使用进口需求函数将质量（私人研发支出）的影响与其他因素的影响区分开来，例如生产成本，这些因素由质量调整后的价格近似。第一步的结果表明，质量对 19 个部门中的 7 个部门的进口商品价格有显着的正向影响。第二步的结果强调价格和质量对商品进口需求的显着非线性效应：当进口商品质量较高时，质量提高对进口需求的边际效应较大。