Friendships have important implications for adolescents’ psychological and social adjustment. However, there is still limited evidence on how different same‐ethnic and cross‐ethnic friendships are formed and regarding their role in refugee adjustment. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the interplay of parents’ and adolescents’ same‐ethnic and cross‐ethnic friendships with adolescents’ own psychological and social adjustment among refugee adolescents. Participants were 208 Syrian refugees (71.2% female; M_age = 15.35, SD_age = 0.95) in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Findings indicated that refugee parents’ same‐ethnic and cross‐ethnic friendships were positively related to their children's same‐ethnic and cross‐ethnic friendships. Moreover, parents’ same‐ethnic friendships were negatively linked with adolescents’ social well‐being, whereas parents’ cross‐ethnic friendships were positively related to adolescents’ social well‐being. Furthermore, adolescents’ same‐ethnic and cross‐ethnic friendships were both positively related to adolescents’ social well‐being, and cross‐ethnic friendships were also positively associated with psychological well‐being. These findings suggest that adolescents’ cross‐ethnic friendships mediated the positive associations of parents’ cross‐ethnic friendships with adolescents’ social and psychological well‐being. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the protective roles of diverse friendships for refugee adolescents.

中文翻译：

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难民青少年的心理和社会适应：父母和青少年友谊的作用

友谊对青少年的心理和社会适应具有重要意义。然而，关于同族和跨族裔友谊是如何形成的以及它们在难民适应中的作用的证据仍然有限。因此，本研究旨在研究难民青少年父母和青少年的同族和跨族裔友谊与青少年自身心理和社会适应的相互作用。参与者是 208 名叙利亚难民（71.2% 女性；M_年龄= 15.35，SD_年龄= 0.95）在土耳其东南安纳托利亚地区。研究结果表明，难民父母的同族和跨族裔友谊与其子女的同族和跨族裔友谊呈正相关。此外，父母的同族友谊与青少年的社会幸福感呈负相关，而父母的跨种族友谊与青少年的社会幸福感呈正相关。此外，青少年的同族和跨族裔友谊均与青少年的社会幸福感呈正相关，跨种族友谊也与心理幸福感呈正相关。这些研究结果表明，青少年的跨种族友谊在父母跨种族友谊与青少年社会和心理健康的正向关联中起中介作用。总体，