Contemporary migration has entailed the emergence of new forms of multilingualism in many European cities. The article uses the concept of complex diversity to analyse this dynamic. The concept points at settings where historical forms of multilingualism and more recent patterns of linguistic heterogeneity interact in ways that lead to particularly rich cultural configurations. The authors assess how local authorities deal with multilingualism in three cities that represent ‘most complex’ cases of diversity politics: Barcelona, Luxembourg and Riga. The focus is on policies related to public communication and on the approaches adopted to promote social and political inclusion in ever more multilingual urban environments. In normative terms, the article concludes that political responses to complex diversity should aim both at overcoming linguistic status inequalities based on historical structures of domination and at creating common spaces of communication for diverse citizens.

中文翻译：

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在巴塞罗那，卢森堡和里加管理复杂的语言多样性

当代移民导致许多欧洲城市出现了多种形式的新语言。本文使用复杂多样性的概念来分析这种动态。这个概念指向的环境是多种语言的历史形式和较新的语言异质性模式相互作用的方式，这些方式导致了特别丰富的文化形态。作者评估了在代表“最复杂”多样性政治案例的三个城市中，巴塞罗那，卢森堡和里加，地方当局如何应对多种语言。重点是与公众传播有关的政策，以及在越来越多的城市环境中促进社会和政治包容性所采用的方法。用规范术语来说