Nations are faced today with a new set of social and economic challenges: economic globalisation has intensified bringing with it a more intense phase of cultural interconnectedness and political interdependence. Nation‐states see their sovereign powers eroded and are transformed to post‐national states as the political space they govern is no longer congruent with the socio‐economic space which transcends the national borders. Nonetheless, the nation continues to be a powerful source of identity and legitimacy. We are actually witnessing in Europe and worldwide a comeback of nationalism oftentimes in an aggressive, nativist and populist guise. This paper seeks to offer a new analytical lens through which to make sense of this new tide of nationalism. It therefore reviews critically the ethnic vs civic and perennialist, primordialist, modernist and ethnosymbolist approaches to suggest that they are no longer fit for purpose in explaining where nations and nationalism come from and where they are headed to. The paper proposes a new analytical framework which distinguishes between plural and neo‐tribal nationalism, focusing on how nations interact with diversity and permeability in the 21st century context.

中文翻译：

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21世纪的民族主义：新部落还是复数？

今天，各国面临着一系列新的社会和经济挑战：经济全球化加剧，带来了文化相互联系和政治相互依存的更为激烈的阶段。民族国家看到其主权力量受到侵蚀，并转变为后国家，因为它们所统治的政治空间不再与超越国界的社会经济空间相适应。尽管如此，该国仍然是身份和合法性的强大来源。实际上，我们实际上在欧洲和世界各地目睹民族主义的卷土重来，通常是侵略性，本土主义和民粹主义的幌子。本文力图提供一个新的分析视角，通过它可以理解这种民族主义的新潮流。因此，它对原住民，原住民，民族，公民和常年主义者进行了严格的审查，现代主义和民族象征主义的方法表明，它们不再适合于解释民族和民族主义的来历和发展方向。本文提出了一个新的分析框架，该框架将多元民族主义与新部落民族主义区分开来，重点是在21世纪的背景下国家如何与多样性和渗透性相互作用。