Decisions about when, where and how to achieve widespread carbon dioxide removal (CDR) are urgently required. Delays in developing the requisite policy and regulatory frameworks increase the risks of overshooting climate goals and will necessitate much larger negative emissions initiatives in the future. Yet the deployment of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) at the scales assumed under most Paris‐Agreement‐compliant emission‐reduction pathways is unlikely. More generally, the sustainability of large‐scale BECCS is questionable given its extensive land, water, and energy requirements for feedstocks and the competing necessity of these resources for the provision of ecosystem services and attainment of multiple Sustainable Development Goals. BECCS on a more limited scale, however, could have more benign impacts if feedstocks were restricted to wastes and residues. There is also widespread recognition that extensive afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration have critical roles in reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net zero. To date there has been little focus on the optimum strategies for integrating land‐based CDR approaches – under which circumstances forest areas are best left undisturbed, managed for conservation, and/or managed for harvested wood products, and how these options affect the availability of residual feedstocks for BECCS. This paper reviews this debate and suggests appropriate policy measures.

中文翻译：

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管理陆基CDR：BECCS，森林和碳固存

迫切需要决定何时，何地以及如何实现广泛的二氧化碳去除（CDR）。制定必要的政策和法规框架的延误增加了气候目标超标的风险，并且将来有必要制定更大的负排放计划。然而，采用大多数《巴黎协定》规定的减排途径所设想的规模来部署具有碳捕集与封存（BECCS）的生物能源的可能性不大。更广泛地讲，大型BECCS的可持续性值得怀疑，因为其对原料的土地，水和能源的广泛需求，以及这些资源在提供生态系统服务和实现多个可持续发展目标方面的竞争必要性。但是，BECCS的规模更为有限，如果将原料限制在废物和残渣中，则可能产生更大的良性影响。人们也普遍认识到，广泛的造林，重新造林和森林恢复在将温室气体排放量减少到净零方面具有关键作用。迄今为止，几乎没有集中于整合基于陆地的CDR方法的最佳策略-在这种情况下，最好不要扰乱森林区域，对其进行保护以进行保护和/或对伐木产品进行管理，以及这些选择如何影响林木的可用性。 BECCS的剩余原料。本文回顾了这场辩论，并提出了适当的政策措施。迄今为止，几乎没有集中于整合基于陆地的CDR方法的最佳策略-在这种情况下，最好不要扰乱森林区域，对其进行保护以进行保护和/或对伐木产品进行管理，以及这些选择如何影响林木的可用性。 BECCS的剩余原料。本文回顾了这场辩论，并提出了适当的政策措施。迄今为止，几乎没有集中于整合基于陆地的CDR方法的最佳策略-在这种情况下，最好不要扰乱森林区域，对其进行保护以进行保护和/或对伐木产品进行管理，以及这些选择如何影响林木的可用性。 BECCS的剩余原料。本文回顾了这场辩论，并提出了适当的政策措施。