Between 1957 and 1962, the UK and USA conducted 33 atmospheric nuclear weapons test detonations at or close to Malden and Kiritimati (Christmas) Islands (total yield 31 megatons), formerly British colonial territories in the central Pacific region, now part of the Republic of Kiribati. Some 40,000 British, Fijian, New Zealand and US civilian and military personnel participated in the test program and 500 i‐Kiribati civilians lived on Kiritimati at the time. This article reviews humanitarian and environmental consequences of the UK and US nuclear weapons testing programs in Kiribati, as well as the policy measures that have addressed them. The authors contend that policy interventions to date have not adequately addressed the needs and rights of test survivors, nor ongoing environmental concerns. They argue that the victim assistance and environmental remediation obligations in the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons offer an important new opportunity for addressing the consequences of nuclear detonations in Kiribati, by focusing policy attention and constituting a new field of development assistance.

中文翻译：

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解决大气核武器试验的人道主义和环境后果：以基里巴斯共和国基里蒂马蒂（圣诞节）和马尔登群岛的英国和美国试验计划为例

在1957年至1962年之间，英国和美国在马尔登岛和基里蒂马蒂（圣诞节）群岛或其附近进行了33次大气核武器试验爆炸（总产量31兆吨），该群岛以前是中太平洋地区的英国殖民地，现已成为共和国的一部分基里巴斯。大约40,000名英国，斐济，新西兰和美国的文职和军事人员参加了该测试计划，当时有500名i-Kiribati平民住在基里蒂马蒂。本文回顾了英国和美国在基里巴斯进行的核武器试验计划的人道主义和环境后果，以及解决这些问题的政策措施。作者认为，迄今为止的政策干预措施尚未充分解决测试幸存者的需求和权利，也没有持续引起环境方面的关注。