With the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) having entered into force on 22 January 2021, the time has come for states parties to start operationalizing its obligations. The TPNW not only bans nuclear weapons but also includes provisions designed to reduce the ‘unacceptable suffering’ caused by past use and testing. These positive obligations require states parties to assist victims, remediate the contaminated environment, and provide international cooperation and assistance to support those efforts. To inform the work of the TPNW’s First Meeting of States Parties, which will start the implementation process, this commentary proposes strong standards for assisting victims in a nuclear weapons context. The standards draw on the TPNW’s language, humanitarian disarmament’s victim assistance norms, and principles for assisting victims of toxic remnants of war. This commentary addresses the types of harm, types of assistance, framework of shared responsibility, implementation measures, and guiding principles that constitute an effective and feasible assistance program for nuclear weapon victims. Collectively the proposed standards aim to advance the humanitarian purpose of the TPNW.

中文翻译：

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难得的机会：根据《禁止核武器条约》制定受害者援助标准

随着《禁止核武器条约》（TPNW）于2021年1月22日生效，各缔约国开始履行其义务的时候到了。TPNW不仅禁止核武器，而且还包括旨在减少过去使用和试验造成的“不可接受的痛苦”的规定。这些积极义务要求缔约国协助受害者，补救受污染的环境并提供国际合作与援助以支持这些努力。为了为TPNW第一次缔约国会议的工作提供参考，该会议将开始执行进程，该评议提出了在核武器范围内协助受害者的强有力标准。该标准借鉴了TPNW的语言，人道主义裁军的受害者援助规范，和协助战争遗留爆炸物受害者的原则。这篇评论论述了危害的类型，援助的类型，共同责任的框架，执行措施以及指导原则，这些原则构成了针对核武器受害者的有效和可行的援助计划。总体而言，拟议的标准旨在促进TPNW的人道主义目的。