The orthodox view of anger takes desires for revenge or retribution to be central to the emotion. In this paper, I develop an empirically informed challenge to the retributive view of anger. In so doing, I argue that a distinct desire is central to anger: a desire for recognition. Desires for recognition aim at the targets of anger acknowledging the wrong they have committed, as opposed to aiming for their suffering. In light of the centrality of this desire for recognition, I argue that the retributive view of anger should be abandoned. I consider and dismiss two types of moves that can be made on the part of a proponent of the orthodox view in response to my argument. I propose that a pluralist view, which allows for both retribution and recognition in anger, is to be preferred.

中文翻译：

---

愤怒及其欲望

愤怒的正统观点认为报复或报应的欲望是情绪的核心。在本文中，我对愤怒的报应观点提出了一个经验丰富的挑战。在这样做的过程中，我认为一种独特的欲望是愤怒的核心：一种被认可的欲望。渴望得到认可的目标是愤怒的目标，承认他们犯下的错误，而不是针对他们的痛苦。鉴于这种对认可的渴望的中心地位，我认为应该放弃愤怒的报应观点。我考虑并驳斥了正统观点的支持者在回应我的论点时可以采取的两种行动。我建议优先考虑允许在愤怒中进行报复和承认的多元主义观点。