Despite a recent surge of interest in philosophy as a way of life, it is not clear what it might mean for philosophy to guide one's life, or how a “philosophical” way of life might differ from a life guided by religion, tradition, or some other source. We argue against John Cooper that spiritual exercises figure crucially in the idea of philosophy as a way of life—not just in the ancient world but also today, at least if the idea is to be viable. In order to make the case we attempt to clarify the nature of spiritual exercises, and to explore a number of fundamental questions, such as “What role does reason have in helping us to live well?” Here we distinguish between the discerning and motivational powers of reason, and argue that both elements have limitations as guides to living well.

中文翻译：

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作为一种生活方式，哲学是什么？为什么将哲学作为一种生活方式？

尽管最近人们对哲学作为一种生活方式产生了浓厚的兴趣，但尚不清楚哲学指导一个人的生活意味着什么，或者“一种哲学的”生活方式与以宗教，传统或宗教为指导的生活方式有何不同？其他一些来源。我们反对约翰·库珀（John Cooper）的论点是，精神锻炼在哲学这一生活方式中至关重要，不仅在古代世界，而且在今天，至少是要使该思想可行的情况下。为了阐明理由，我们尝试阐明精神锻炼的性质，并探索一些基本问题，例如“理性在帮助我们生活良好方面起什么作用？” 在这里，我们将理性的辨别力和动机力区分开，并认为这两个要素都存在局限性，可以指导人们过上好生活。