The ‘Castle Hill’ represents the core territory of Vilnius, around which gravitated urban development, eventually culminating in the foundation of the capital of Lithuania. However, we know very little about the earliest occupation on Castle Hill - how it developed over time, and what the activities were of the people that inhabited the site. While the study of plant remains can provide a crucial insight into human staple foods, agricultural activities and the palaeoenvironment, previous attempts of archaeobotanical investigations of such an important cultural heritage site was cut short due to the outbreak of World War II.

Here is presented the first archaeobotanical analyses from the territory of Castle Hill together with new radiocarbon dates stretching from the 8^th century BC until the 14^th century AD. The primary archaeobotanical analyses in combination with published datasets from adjacent regions around Castle Hill show that the diversification of crops and the introduction of various crop rotation practises during the 8-13^th centuries AD. Here, for the first time, attention is drawn to the agricultural strategies in medieval Vilnius that likely played a pivotal role in the formation and development of the city.

“城堡山”代表了维尔纽斯的核心领土，围绕着它吸引了城市发展，最终在立陶宛首都的基础上达到顶峰。然而，我们对城堡山最早的占领知之甚少——它是如何随着时间的推移而发展的，以及居住在该地点的人们的活动。虽然植物遗骸的研究可以提供对人类主食、农业活动和古环境的重要见解，但由于第二次世界大战的爆发，以前对如此重要的文化遗产地的考古植物学调查的尝试被打断了。

这里展示了城堡山地区的第一次考古植物学分析以及从公元前 8 世纪到公元 14 世纪的新^放射性碳^年代。^{初步的考古植物学分析结合城堡山附近地区公布的数据集表明，在公元8-13}世纪期间，作物的多样化和各种轮作实践的引入。在这里，人们第一次注意到中世纪维尔纽斯的农业战略，这可能在城市的形成和发展中发挥了关键作用。