ABSTRACT

The evolution of societal gender roles over time changes perceptions about the characteristics of men and women and how they behave. Previous studies on the dynamics of gender stereotypes have investigated people’s perceptions about men and women at specific time points (i.e., thinking in the past, present and future). However, studies comparing results of present perceptions of men and women measured at a lapse of time could clarify whether there have been real changes in gender stereotypes or just a desired perception for change. In the current research, we investigate whether perceptions about gender stereotypes evolve over time by comparing 453 Spanish participants’ perceptions of men and women over a 10-year period based on data collected at two time points: 2006 (n = 199) and 2016 (n = 254). In line with the conclusions of previous research, our results indicate that perceptions of gender stereotypes evolved over time from 2006 to 2016. Interestingly, over 10 years, men and women are perceived to be more similar on feminine characteristics but diverge on masculine characteristics. We discuss the dynamic of stereotypes in light of social constraints that may influence gender characteristics adscription.

摘要

随着时间的流逝，社会性别角色的演变改变了人们对男人和女人的特征及其行为方式的认识。以前关于性别定型观念的变化的研究已经调查了人们在特定时间点（即过去，现在和未来的思考）对男人和女人的看法。但是，将经过一段时间测量的当前男性和女性知觉结果进行比较的研究可以澄清性别刻板印象是否存在真正的变化，或者仅仅是人们期望的变化观念。在当前的研究中，我们根据两个时间点收集的数据（2006年（n = 199）和2016年（2016年，ñ= 254）。根据先前研究的结论，我们的研究结果表明，从2006年到2016年，人们对性别刻板印象的观念逐渐演变。有趣的是，在10多年的时间里，男女被认为在女性特征上更为相似，但在男性特征上却有所不同。我们根据可能影响性别特征归属的社会制约因素来讨论刻板印象的动态。