The objective of the present paper is to identify the determinants of the form of collaboration initiated between an upstream innovator and a downstream producer in order to incorporate a new input and commercialize an innovation consisting of a quality enhanced final product, with an empirical application to the genetically modified (GM) plant industry. The choice of upstream firm between license, joint venture, merger, or a subsidiary is modeled as a function of three parameters: degree of quality improvement engendered by the new input, the market share of the downstream producer, and the capability of the downstream producer to incorporate the new input and commercialize it successfully.

中文翻译：

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技术转移模式的组织选择：转基因植物产业的理论与应用

本文件的目的是确定上游创新者和下游生产者之间发起的合作形式的决定因素，以便纳入新的投入，并将由质量提高的最终产品组成的创新商业化，并将其经验应用于转基因 (GM) 植物产业。上游企业在许可、合资、合并或子公司之间的选择被建模为三个参数的函数：新输入产生的质量改进程度、下游生产商的市场份额和下游生产商的能力纳入新的投入并成功将其商业化。