Ticks and tick‐borne diseases are a challenge for medical and veterinary public health and often controlled through the use of repellents and acaricides. Research on vaccination strategies to protect humans, companion animals, and livestock from ticks and tick‐transmitted pathogens has accelerated through the use of proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Comparative analyses of unfed versus engorged and uninfected versus infected ticks have provided valuable insights into candidates for anti‐tick and pathogen transmission blocking vaccines. An intricate interplay between tick saliva and the host's immune system has revealed potential antigens to be used in vaccination strategies. Immunization of hosts with targeted anti‐tick vaccines would ideally lead to a reduction in tick numbers and prevent transmission of tick‐borne pathogens. Comprehensive control of tick‐borne diseases would come from successful anti‐tick vaccination, vaccination preventing transmission of tick‐borne diseases or a combination. Due to the close interaction with wildlife and ticks, with wildlife reservoirs enabling propagation of pathogens between ticks, the vaccination of these reservoirs is an attractive target to reduce human contact with ticks and tick‐borne diseases through a one‐health approach. Wildlife vaccination presents formulation and regulatory challenges which should be considered early in the development of reservoir‐targeted vaccines.

中文翻译：

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抗蜱和病原体传播阻断疫苗

蜱虫和蜱传疾病是医学和兽医公共卫生的一个挑战，通常通过使用驱虫剂和杀螨剂来控制。通过使用蛋白质组学和转录组学分析，对保护人类、伴侣动物和牲畜免受蜱和蜱传播病原体侵害的疫苗接种策略的研究已经加速。未喂食与充血和未感染与感染蜱的比较分析为抗蜱和病原体传播阻断疫苗的候选者提供了有价值的见解。蜱唾液和宿主免疫系统之间错综复杂的相互作用揭示了可用于疫苗接种策略的潜在抗原。理想情况下，用靶向抗蜱疫苗对宿主进行免疫将导致蜱数减少并防止蜱传病原体的传播。全面控制蜱传疾病将来自成功的抗蜱疫苗接种、预防蜱传疾病传播的疫苗接种或组合。由于与野生动物和蜱的密切相互作用，野生动物宿主能够在蜱之间传播病原体，因此对这些宿主进行疫苗接种是通过单一健康方法减少人类与蜱和蜱传播疾病的接触的有吸引力的目标。野生动物疫苗接种存在配方和监管方面的挑战，应在开发靶向宿主疫苗的早期予以考虑。由于野生动物宿主能够在蜱之间传播病原体，因此对这些宿主进行疫苗接种是通过单一健康方法减少人类与蜱和蜱传播疾病的接触的有吸引力的目标。野生动物疫苗接种存在配方和监管方面的挑战，应在开发靶向宿主疫苗的早期予以考虑。由于野生动物宿主能够在蜱之间传播病原体，因此对这些宿主进行疫苗接种是通过单一健康方法减少人类与蜱和蜱传播疾病的接触的有吸引力的目标。野生动物疫苗接种存在配方和监管方面的挑战，应在开发靶向宿主疫苗的早期予以考虑。