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Attention effects in working memory that are asymmetric across sensory modalities
Memory & Cognition ( IF 2.482 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-10 , DOI: 10.3758/s13421-021-01142-9
Yu Li 1 , Nelson Cowan 1
Affiliation  

A key unanswered question about working memory is the nature of interference between items. At one extreme of existing theories, interference occurs between any two items because of a general capacity limit. At another extreme, interference depends on the similarity between particular features of different items. We examine this question in three experiments by presenting two sets of items on each trial, comprising tones or colors, with three levels of similarity between the two sets: cross-modal, unimodal with different marking features (two different musical instruments or shapes), and unimodal with the same marking feature. Another question is the extent to which the entry of presented items into working memory is obligatory or optional, which we examined by requiring retention of the first, the second, or both sets of stimuli for a recognition test shortly after the presentation of the two sets. The combination of the set similarity and attention manipulations allows us to draw conclusions about the nature of working-memory storage. The findings were not entirely in accord with any pre-existing theory. The effects of feature similarity were present in both modalities but more pronounced for sounds, whereas the detrimental effects of attention to both sets for retention occurred only for visual stimuli. Based on the findings we suggest a new, hybrid conception of working memory storage.



中文翻译:

工作记忆中的注意力效应在感觉模式中是不对称的

关于工作记忆的一个未解决的关键问题是项目之间干扰的性质。在现有理论的一个极端情况下,由于一般容量限制,任何两个项目之间都会发生干扰。在另一个极端,干扰取决于不同物品的特定特征之间的相似性。我们在三个实验中通过在每个试验中展示两组项目来检验这个问题,包括音调或颜色,两组之间具有三个相似度级别:交叉模态、具有不同标记特征的单模态(两种不同的乐器或形状)、和单峰具有相同的标记特征。另一个问题是,将呈现的项目输入工作记忆的程度是强制性的还是可选的,我们通过要求保留第一个、第二个、或在两组呈现后不久进行识别测试的两组刺激。集合相似性和注意力操作的结合使我们能够得出关于工作记忆存储性质的结论。这些发现并不完全符合任何先前存在的理论。特征相似性的影响在两种模式中都存在,但对声音更为明显,而对两组注意力的不利影响只发生在视觉刺激上。基于这些发现,我们提出了一种新的、混合的工作记忆存储概念。特征相似性的影响在两种模式中都存在,但对声音更为明显,而对两组注意力的不利影响只发生在视觉刺激上。基于这些发现,我们提出了一种新的、混合的工作记忆存储概念。特征相似性的影响在两种模式中都存在,但对声音更为明显,而对两组注意力的不利影响只发生在视觉刺激上。基于这些发现,我们提出了一种新的、混合的工作记忆存储概念。

更新日期:2021-03-11
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