Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tree native from central and eastern México that belongs to the Lauraceae family. Avocado has three botanical varieties known as Mexican (P. americana var. drymifolia), West Indian (P. americana var. americana), and Guatemalan (P. americana var. guatemalensis). It is an oil-rich fruit appreciated worldwide because of its nutritional value and the content of bioactive molecules. Several avocado molecules show attractive activities of interest in medicine. Avocado fatty acids have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Besides, this fruit possesses a high content of carotenoids and phenolic compounds with possible antifungal, anti-cancer and antioxidant activities. Moreover, several metabolites have been reported with anti-inflammatory effects. Also, an unsaponifiable fraction of avocado in combination with soybean oil is used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The Mexican variety is native from México and is characterized by the anise aroma in leaves and by small thin-skinned fruits of rich flavor and excellent quality. However, the study of the bioactive molecules of the fruit has not been addressed in detail. In this work, we achieved a literature review on the inflammatory, immunomodulatory and cytotoxic properties of long-chain fatty acids and derivatives from Mexican avocado seed. Also, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the oil extracted from the avocado seed are referred. Finally, the antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activities of some antimicrobial peptides expressed in the fruit are reviewed.

鳄梨（Persea americana Mill。）是一种来自墨西哥中部和东部的树，属于月桂科。酪梨有被称为墨西哥（三级植物品种的美洲大蠊变种drymifolia），西印度（美洲大蠊变种美洲）和危地马拉（美洲大蠊变种guatemalensis）。它是一种富含油脂的水果，因其营养价值和生物活性分子的含量而享誉全球。几种鳄梨分子在医学上表现出令人感兴趣的吸引力。鳄梨脂肪酸对心血管疾病的危险因素有有益的作用。此外，这种水果还含有大量的类胡萝卜素和酚类化合物，可能具有抗真菌，抗癌和抗氧化的作用。此外，已经报道了具有抗炎作用的几种代谢物。另外，鳄梨不可皂化的部分与大豆油的组合也用于骨关节炎的治疗。墨西哥品种来自墨西哥，其特征是叶子中的茴香香气和细小，皮薄的水果，风味浓郁，品质卓越。然而，水果的生物活性分子的研究尚未详细讨论。在这项工作中，我们获得了有关墨西哥鳄梨种子中长链脂肪酸及其衍生物的炎症，免疫调节和细胞毒性的文献综述。同样，涉及从鳄梨种子中提取的油的抗氧化剂和抗炎特性。最后，对水果中表达的某些抗菌肽的抗菌，免疫调节和细胞毒性活性进行了综述。