There is a significant tendency in the industry for automation of the engineering design process. This requires the capability of analyzing an existing design and proposing or ideally generating an optimal design using numerical optimization. In this context, efficient and robust realization of such a framework for numerical shape optimization is of prime importance. Another requirement of such a framework is modularity, such that the shape optimization can involve different physics. This requires that different physics solvers should be handled in black-box nature. The current contribution discusses the conceptualization and applications of a general framework for numerical shape optimization using the vertex morphing parametrization technique. We deal with both 2D and 3D shape optimization problems, of which 3D problems usually tend to be expensive and are candidates for special attention in terms of efficient and high-performance computing. The paper demonstrates the different aspects of the framework, together with the challenges in realizing them. Several numerical examples involving different physics and constraints are presented to show the flexibility and extendability of the framework.

在工业中，工程设计过程的自动化存在明显的趋势。这需要具有分析现有设计并提出建议或使用数值优化来理想地生成最佳设计的能力。在这种情况下，高效，可靠地实现这种用于数值形状优化的框架至关重要。这种框架的另一个要求是模块化，以使形状优化可能涉及不同的物理学。这就要求不同的物理求解器应在黑盒中处理。本文稿讨论了使用顶点变形参数化技术进行数值形状优化的通用框架的概念化和应用。我们处理2D和3D形状优化问题，其中3D问题通常往往很昂贵，并且在高效和高性能计算方面特别值得关注。本文展示了框架的不同方面，以及实现这些方面所面临的挑战。提出了几个涉及不同物理和约束条件的数值示例，以显示框架的灵活性和可扩展性。