Dust deposited on residential and agricultural lands can have serious consequences for the ecosystem when toxic trace elements are present. This study aimed to assess the ecological risk of the trace elements found in the deposited dust around the Mehdi Abad Pb/Zn mine, Yazd, Iran, using several modified pollution indices. The dust samples were collected by the grid method and a Marble Dust Collector (MDCO) sampler to evaluate the concentration of thirty trace elements: nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), lanthanum (La), lithium (Li), niobium (Nb), tin (Sn), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), Ferrum (Fe), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), tantalum (Ta), terbium (Tb), zirconium (Zr), tellurium (Te), thorium (Th), titanium (Ti), uranium (U), vanadium (V), yttrium (Y), ytterbium (Yb), thulium (Tm), and cobalt (Co). This study employed multivariate statistical techniques, including Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and the IDW interpolation technique, as well as modified pollution indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Modified Pollution Index (MPI), Modified Potential Ecological Risk Index (MRI), and Modified Hazard Quotient (mHQ). All the statistical data analyses were performed via SPSS Statistics, version 22.00. The HCA results showed that all of these trace elements, except Fe, form a group and had similar behavior. The average levels of all elements in the dust samples except for Cr, S, Sr, Ta, Tb, and Te exceeded the background value. The results confirmed that both anthropogenic activities and natural factors were responsible for the trace elements found in the dust. The average EF value for Pb (43.26) indicated its extremely high enrichment in the study area. The MPI, mHQ, and MRI results showed that 33%, 100%, and 33.33% of the dust samples were in the heavily polluted, extreme severity, and high risk categories, respectively. The IDW analysis results revealed that the highest value of the MRI and mHQ indices was in agricultural lands and residential areas; the predominant wind direction also played a role in transferring the elements from the mine to these areas. In general, the results indicated that mining activities increased the ecological risk in Mehdi Abad due to the presence of trace elements, especially Pb.

当有毒微量元素存在时，沉积在住宅和农业土地上的灰尘会对生态系统产生严重后果。本研究旨在使用几个修改后的污染指数评估伊朗亚兹德 Mehdi Abad Pb/Zn 矿周围沉积粉尘中发现的微量元素的生态风险。粉尘样品采用网格法和大理石除尘器 (MDCO) 采样器来评估 30 种微量元素的浓度：镍 (Ni)、铅 (Pb)、钡 (Ba)、铍 (Be)、铬 (Cr )、铜 (Cu)、镝 (Dy)、镧 (La)、锂 (Li)、铌 (Nb)、锡 (Sn)、钕 (Nd)、镨 (Pr)、铷 (Rb)、铁 (Fe )、硫 (S)、硒 (Se)、锶 (Sr)、钽 (Ta)、铽 (Tb)、锆 (Zr)、碲 (Te)、钍 (Th)、钛 (Ti)、铀 (U )、钒 (V)、钇 (Y)、镱 (Yb)、铥 (Tm) 和钴 (Co)。本研究采用多元统计技术，包括层次聚类分析 (HCA) 和 IDW 插值技术，以及修正污染指数，如富集因子 (EF)、修正污染指数 (MPI)、修正潜在生态风险指数 (MRI)、和修正的危险商 (米总部）。所有统计数据分析均通过 SPSS Statistics 22.00 版进行。HCA 结果表明，除 Fe 外，所有这些微量元素都形成一个基团并具有相似的行为。除 Cr、S、Sr、Ta、Tb 和 Te 外，尘埃样品中所有元素的平均水平均超过背景值。结果证实，人为活动和自然因素都是造成尘埃中微量元素的原因。Pb的平均EF值（43.26）表明其在研究区的富集程度极高。MPI，米HQ 和 MRI 结果显示，33%、100% 和 33.33% 的粉尘样本分别属于重污染、极端严重和高风险类别。IDW分析结果显示，MRI和mHQ指数值最高的是农田和居民区；主要风向也起到了将元素从矿井转移到这些地区的作用。总的来说，结果表明，由于存在微量元素，尤其是铅，采矿活动增加了迈赫迪阿巴德的生态风险。