In the context of climate change, there is an urgent need for rapid and efficient methods to capture and sequester carbon from the atmosphere. For instance, production, use and storage of biochar are highly carbon negative, resulting in an estimated sequestration of 0.3–2 Gt CO₂ year⁻¹ by 2050. Yet, biochar production requires more knowledge on feedstocks, thermochemical conversion and end applications. Herein, we review the design and development of biochar systems, and we investigate the carbon removal industry. Carbon removal efforts are currently promoted via the voluntary market. The major commercialized technologies for offering atmospheric carbon removal are forestation, direct air carbon capture utilization and storage, soil carbon sequestration, wooden building elements and biochar, with corresponding fees ranging from 10 to 895 GBP (British pounds) per ton CO₂. Biochar fees range from 52 to 131 GBP per ton CO₂, which indicates that biochar production is a realistic strategy that can be deployed at large scale. Carbon removal services via biochar are currently offered through robust marketplaces that require extensive certification, verification and monitoring, which adds an element of credibility and authenticity. Biochar eligibility is highly dependent on the type of feedstock utilized and processing conditions employed. Process optimization is imperative to produce an end product that meets application-specific requirements, environmental regulations and achieve ultimate stability for carbon sequestration purposes.

在气候变化的背景下，迫切需要快速有效的方法来从大气中捕获和封存碳。例如，生物炭的生产，使用和储存都是高度负碳的，因此估计封存为0.3–2 Gt CO ₂ 年⁻¹到2050年。然而，生物炭的生产需要更多有关原料，热化学转化和最终应用的知识。在此，我们回顾了生物炭系统的设计和开发，并研究了除碳行业。当前，通过自愿市场促进了除碳工作。提供大气中的碳清除的主要商业化技术是造林，直接利用空气中的碳进行收集和利用，固存土壤的碳，木质建筑构件和生物炭，每吨CO _2的相应费用为10至895英镑（英磅）。每吨CO _2的生物炭费用从52英镑至131英镑不等，这表明生物炭生产是可以大规模部署的现实策略。当前，通过健壮的市场提供通过生物炭的除碳服务，这些市场需要进行广泛的认证，验证和监控，这增加了可信度和真实性。生物炭的资格高度依赖于所用原料的类型和所采用的加工条件。必须进行工艺优化以生产出满足特定应用要求，环境法规并达到最终固碳目的最终稳定性的最终产品。