A collection of 220 durum wheat breeding germplasms, originating from ICARDA and CIMMYT breeding programs, was assessed to explore phenotypic and genotypic diversity and to identify informative molecular markers for several agro-physiological traits under drought conditions for two cropping seasons (2017–2018, 2018–2019). A large phenotypic diversity based on agro-physiological traits was detected. Based on genotype-by-trait (GT) biplot analysis, several trends in germplasm adaptation to drought conditions were identified. The majority of ICARDA germplasms that were most favored by grain yield, 1000-kernel weight (TKW), normal difference vegetative index (NDVI), plant height (PH), and peduncle length (PL) were clearly separated from most CIMMYT germplasms that most characterized late in heading (DH) and maturity (DM) and higher canopy temperature (CT). These findings indicate that the breeding lines originally developed from ICARDA may possess tolerance traits to drought conditions that are absent in those developed in CIMMYT. The start codon targeted (SCoT) was applied for genetic relationship analysis of 220 breeding lines. The percent of polymorphism ranged from 50% (SCoT25) to 100% (SCoT2) with an average of 72.22%. The SCoT-based cluster analysis identified five different groups corresponding to the genomic constitution in durum germplasm, which was in part confirmed by principal coordinate analysis. Grouping of germplasms using multivariate clustering methods allowed identification of breeding lines with outstanding characteristics under rainfed conditions. Some clear trends in adaptation of germplasms to rainfed conditions based on phenotypic data were observed, which were mostly dependent on geographical difference of germplasms.

对来自ICARDA和CIMMYT育种计划的220种硬粒小麦育种种质进行了评估，以探索表型和基因型多样性，并鉴定干旱条件下两个种植季节（2017-2018，2018）的几种农业生理性状的信息分子标记–2019）。检测到基于农业生理性状的大表型多样性。基于基因型特征（GT）双作图分析，确定了种质适应干旱条件的几种趋势。大多数ICARDA种质最受谷物产量，1000粒重（TKW），正常差异营养指数（NDVI），株高（PH），与花梗长度（PL）明显与大多数CIMMYT种质分开，这些种质的最主要特征是抽穗后期（DH）和成熟期（DM）和较高的冠层温度（CT）。这些发现表明，最初由ICARDA开发的育种品系可能具有对CIMMYT开发的干旱条件所没有的耐旱性状。将起始密码子靶向（SCoT）用于220个育种系的遗传关系分析。多态性百分比范围从50％（SCoT25）到100％（SCoT2），平均为72.22％。基于SCoT的聚类分析确定了硬粒种质中对应于基因组组成的五个不同的组，这部分被主坐标分析所证实。使用多元聚类方法对种质进行分组可以鉴定出在雨育条件下具有突出特征的育种系。基于表型数据，观察到种质适应雨养条件的明显趋势，这主要取决于种质的地理差异。