Accurate prediction and control of diesel engine-out emissions are vital areas of interest for automotive manufacturers and researchers. This article presents an investigative review of performance and emission control improvements in diesel engines over the past few decades. A brief background of environmental organizations like the Environmental Protection Agency has been included because they initiated stringent emission norms. These requirements caused diesel engine development to be a more tedious task and also triggered various technologies employed by engine manufacturers to meet the new norms. This review focuses on various diesel engine modeling methods that have evolved during the last few decades and have contributed to the technological advancement in modern diesel engines. Three types of modeling methods and their applications are discussed in detail along with a few controlling methods using different control theories. A detailed emphasis on recent engine control strategies reviews controlling gridlocks and viable solutions in diesel engines. Significant challenges such as model fitness, accuracy, robustness, and precise predictions that provide extensive scope for researchers working in diesel engine out emission control are addressed. Various advancements in optimized engine model development for further performance enhancement are also reported.

准确预测和控制柴油机尾气排放是汽车制造商和研究人员关注的重要领域。本文介绍了过去几十年来对柴油机性能和排放控制方面的改进的调查研究。包括环境保护局（EPA）在内的环境组织的简要背景已经包括在内，因为它们发起了严格的排放标准。这些要求使柴油发动机的开发变得更加繁琐，并且引发了发动机制造商采用的各种技术来满足新的规范。这篇综述着重介绍了在过去几十年中发展起来的各种柴油发动机建模方法，这些方法为现代柴油发动机的技术进步做出了贡献。详细讨论了三种类型的建模方法及其应用，以及使用不同控制理论的几种控制方法。对最新发动机控制策略的详细强调回顾了控制柴油发动机中的死锁和可行解决方案。解决了诸如模型适用性，准确性，鲁棒性和精确预测之类的重大挑战，这些挑战为从事柴油机尾气排放控制工作的研究人员提供了广阔的范围。还报告了优化发动机模型开发中的各种进步，以进一步提高性能。鲁棒性和精确的预测为研究柴油机尾气排放控制的研究人员提供了广泛的范围。还报告了优化发动机模型开发中的各种进步，以进一步提高性能。鲁棒性和精确的预测为研究柴油机尾气排放控制的研究人员提供了广泛的范围。还报告了优化发动机模型开发中的各种进步，以进一步提高性能。