Abstract

Among the living organisms, microscopic fungi are unique in their ability to occupy diverse ecological niches due to the evolutionarily formed mechanisms of adaptation to a broad range of climatic and technogenic factors. One approach to understanding the mechanisms of adaptation to changing environmental conditions is associated with lipid metabolism. The review provides a critical analysis of publications and our own experimental data on the variability of micromycete lipids under the influence of stress factors and of the possible related adaptive mechanisms. The functional, structural, and quantitative changes in fungal lipids were analyzed under the conditions of osmotic, thermal, and cold influences, as well as toxicity. Biochemical variations in the composition of phospholipids and other membrane lipids are characterized as diverse and ambiguous, depending on the degree of exposure, the initial lipid composition, genetic resistance of fungi, and their ability to adapt to extreme conditions. The role of lipid metabolism in the overall integral response of fungal cells to stress is discussed.

中文翻译：

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微霉菌脂质和压力

摘要

在活生物体中，微观真菌由于能够适应各种气候和技术因素而形成的进化机制，因此具有占据各种生态位的独特能力。理解适应环境变化机制的一种方法与脂质代谢有关。该评论对出版物和我们自己的实验数据进行了批判性分析，这些实验数据是我们在压力因素和可能的相关适应机制影响下，对微霉菌脂质的变异性进行分析的。在渗透，热和冷影响以及毒性的条件下，分析了真菌脂质的功能，结构和定量变化。磷脂和其他膜脂质的组成的生化变化具有多样性和模棱两可的特点，具体取决于暴露程度，初始脂质组成，真菌的遗传抗性及其适应极端条件的能力。讨论了脂质代谢在真菌细胞对应激的整体反应中的作用。