Gene identification and evolution and also their impacts on agronomical traits are important variations between related species which are often because of differences in the cumulative actions of multiple gene products. Understanding genetic variability for agronomic traits is important parameter of breeding programs for broadening the gene pool of different crops. The Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase (SDR) super-family is one of the largest known protein families and comprises thousands of members found in species ranging from bacteria to humans. SDR involvement has been demonstrated in a variety of primary and secondary metabolisms. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping provides a starting point for dissecting complex traits into its component alleles which may help to quantify relative impacts of alleles on the traits and locates genomic regions responsible for marker-trait association, and provide a foundation of marker-assisted selection which expedites the breeding process given the proper estimation of position and the effects of QTLs. In this manuscript we have reviewed, molecular breeding and gene evolution and domestication in crops, and also survey some important reported genes which have notable impact on agronomical traits in various crops.

基因鉴定和进化及其对农艺性状的影响是相关物种之间的重要变异，通常是由于多种基因产物的累积作用不同而引起的。了解农艺性状的遗传变异性是拓宽不同农作物基因库的育种计划的重要参数。短链脱氢酶/还原酶（SDR）超家族是已知的最大蛋白质家族之一，包含从细菌到人类的各种物种中发现的数千个成员。特别提款权的参与已在多种主要和次要代谢中得到证实。数量性状基因座（QTL）作图为将复杂性状分解成其组成等位基因提供了一个起点，这可能有助于量化等位基因对性状的相对影响，并定位负责标记-性状关联的基因组区域，并提供标记辅助的基础。适当地估计位置和QTL的影响，可以加快育种过程的选择。在这篇手稿中，我们回顾了作物的分子育种以及基因进化和驯化，还调查了一些重要的报道基因，这些基因对各种作物的农艺性状都有显着影响。